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Carl Nielsen

Kvartet for to violiner, bratsch og cello, opus 44

(Piacevolezza)

Quartet for Two Violins, Viola and Cello, Opus 44

Opus 44
CNW 58
CNUCarl Nielsen Udgaven (The Carl Nielsen Edition. Royal Danish Library: Copenhagen 1998–2009) II/10
CNSCarl Nielsens Samling (The Carl Nielsen Collection, Royal Danish Library, Copenhagen) 41
FSDan Fog & Torben Schousboe: Carl Nielsen kompositioner. En Bibliografi. København 1965. 36

Dedicatee: Den københavnske Strygekvartet (Gunna Breuning, Gerhard Rafn, Ella Faber, Paulus Bache)

Carl Nielsen Edition

Composition: 1906.

Nielsen composed the quartet, Op. 44, between two of his major achievements: the opera Maskarade (CNW 2) and the music for the melodrama Hr. Oluf han rider– (CNW 7). The first two movements of the quartet were dated at the beginning of 1906, while the last two ones were finished in the summer. It seems that the quartet was revised several times, between different performances (1906–12) and up until its publication in 1923.

Instrumentation: string quartet

Key: F major

1.

Allegro non tanto e comodo

Key: F major

2.

Adagio con sentimento religioso

Key: C major

3.

Allegretto moderato ed innocente

Key: A minor

4. Finale

Molto adagio. Allegro non tanto, ma molto scherzoso

Key: F major

Sketches

[Classification: Notated music, Manuscript, Autograph, Sketch, Fragment]

Score, draft (first and second movements)

[Classification: Notated music, Manuscript, Autograph, Score, Draft, Excerpt]

Score, draft (third and fourth movements)

[Classification: Notated music, Manuscript, Autograph, Score, Draft, Excerpt]

Score, autograph, printer's manuscript

[Classification: Notated music, Manuscript, Autograph, Score, printer's copy, Complete]

Parts, manuscript copy, printer's manuscript

[Classification: Notated music, Manuscript, Copy, Parts, printer's copy, Complete]

Pocket score, print

[Classification: Notated music, Print, Copy, Score, First edition, Complete]
C.F. Peters, Leipzig 1923.
Title page: Dem Kopenhagener Streichquartett / Gunna Breuning, Gerhard Rafn, Ella Faber u. Paulus Bache / freundschaftlich gewidmet. / Quartett / [Fdur] / für / zwei Violinen, Viola und Violoncello / von / Carl Nielsen / Opus 44 / Aufführungsrecht vorbehalten. / Eigentum des Verlegers. / Leipzig, C. F. Peters. / 10362.
CNU Source B.

Parts, print

[Classification: Notated music, Print, Copy, Parts, First edition, Complete]
C.F. Peters, Leipzig 1923.
Title page: Dem Kopenhagener Streichquartett / Gunna Breuning, Gerhard Rafn, Ella Faber / u. Paulus Bache / freundschaftlich gewidmet. / Quartett / [Fdur] / für / zwei Violinen, Viola und Violoncello / von / Carl Nielsen / Opus 44 / Aufführungsrecht vorbehalten. / Eigentum des Verlegers. / Leipzig / C. F. Peters. / 10363.
CNU Source A.
10 Aug. 1906 Fuglsang, Lolland (performers: Carl Nielsen; Julius Röntgen; Gerard von Brucken Fock; Engelbert Röntgen). First performance. Carl Nielsen's remark in a letter to Henrik Knudsen dated 9 Aug. 1906 seems to refer to the first rehearsal rather than the first performance: 'Vi har idag spillet min nye Kvartet og den klinger som jeg havde ventet mig' (We have played my new quartet today and it sounds as I had expected).
Evidence: Julius Röntgen's handwritten concert programme. (Inger Sørensen, 'Musiklivet på Fuglsang', Fund og Forskning i Det Kongelige Biblioteks Samlinger, 52 (2013), p. 239)
30 Nov. 1907 Odd Fellow Palæet, Copenhagen (performers: Ludvig Holm, violin; Johannes Schiørring, violin; Kristian Sandby, viola; Ernst Høeberg, cello). Carl Nielsen. First public performance.
Reviews: Vort Land, 1 Dec. 1907 (Robert Henriques). Nationaltidende, 1 Dec. 1907 (Gustav Hetsch). Dannebrog, 1 Dec. 1907 (L.R.). Politiken, 1 Dec. 1907 (Charles Kjerulf). København, 1 Dec. 1907 (S.A.). Ekstrabladet, 1 Dec. 1907. Berlingske Tidende, 2 Dec. 1907.
12 Dec. 1907 Studenterforeningen, Copenhagen (performers: Ludvig Holm, violin; Johannes Schiørring, violin; Kristian Sandby, viola; Ernst Høeberg, cello). Kammermusikforeningen.
7 Jan. 1909 Odd Fellow Palæet, Copenhagen (performers: Ludvig Holm, violin; Johannes Schiørring, violin; Julius Borup, viola; Ernst Høeberg, cello). Privat Kammermusikforening.
9 Jan. 1909 Odd Fellow Palæet, Copenhagen (performers: Ludvig Holm, violin; Johannes Schiørring, violin; Julius Borup, viola; Ernst Høeberg, cello). Privat Kammermusikforening.
17 Apr. 1909 Studenterforeningen, Copenhagen (performers: Ludvig Holm, violin; Johannes Schiørring, violin; Julius Borup, viola; Ernst Høeberg, cello). Carl Nielsen.
13 Dec. 1912 Østerbros Teater, Copenhagen (performers: Axel Gade, violin; Johannes Schiørring, violin; Louis Witzansky, viola; Ernst Høeberg, cello). Østerbro Kammermusikforening.
10 Apr. 1913 Studenterforeningen, Copenhagen (performers: Axel Gade, violin; Johannes Schiørring, violin; Louis Witzansky, viola; Ernst Høeberg, cello). Kammermusikforeningen.
21 Apr. 1913 Copenhagen (performers: Axel Gade, violin; Johannes Schiørring, violin; Louis Witzansky, viola; Ernst Høeberg, cello). Private Chamber Music Society (Privat Kammermusikforening).
26 Apr. 1913 Copenhagen (performers: Axel Gade, violin; Johannes Schiørring, violin; Louis Witzansky, viola; Ernst Høeberg, cello). Private Chamber Music Society (Privat Kammermusikforening).
4 Jan. 1919 Den Frie Udstilling, Copenhagen (performers: Thorvald Nielsen, violin; Niels Broesbøl-Jensen, violin; Niels Borre, viola; Johan Hye-Knudsen, cello).
5 Jan. 1919 Den Frie Udstilling, Copenhagen (performers: Thorvald Nielsen, violin; Niels Broesbøl-Jensen, violin; Niels Borre, viola; Johan Hye-Knudsen, cello).
12 Jan. 1919 Den Frie Udstilling, Copenhagen (Thorvald Nielsen-Kvartetten; performers: Thorvald Nielsen, violin; Niels Jensen, violin; Niels Borre, viola; Johan Hye-Knudsen, cello).
22 Mar. 1919 Aarhus Teater, Aarhus (Thovald Nielsen Kvartetten; performers: Thovald Nielsen, violin; Ludvig Gunder, violin; Niels Borre, viola; Johan Hye-Knudsen, cello).
27 Mar. 1919 Casinos Koncertsal, Copenhagen (performers: Emil Telmányi, violin; Henry Holst, violin; Thorvald Nielsen, viola; Louis Jensen, cello).
28 Mar. 1919 Teatersalen, Nyborg (Thorvald Niensen Kvartetten; performers: Thorvald Niensen, violin; Ludvig Gunder, violin; Niels Borre, viola; Johan Hye-Knudsen, cello).
10 Apr. 1919 Studenterforeningen, Copenhagen (Thovald Nielsen Kvartetten; performers: Thorvald Nielsen, violin; Ludvig Gunder, violin; Niels Borre, viola; Johan Hye-Knudsen, cello).
13 Oct. 1921 Teatret Gammelting, Haderslev (performers: Gunna Breuning-Storm, violin; Gerhard Rafn, violin; Ella Faber, viola; Paulus Bache, cello).
7 Jan. 1922 Hornung & Møllers Koncertsal, Copenhagen (performers: Gunna Breuning-Storm, violin; Gerhard Rafn, violin; Ella Faber, viola; Paulus Bache, cello).
10 Jan. 1922 Hornung & Møllers Koncertsal, Copenhagen (performers: Gunna Breuning-Storm, violin; Gerhard Rafn, violin; Ella Faber, viola; Paulus Bache, cello).
27 Feb. 1922 Bechstein-Saal, Berlin (Breuning-Bache Kvartetten).
19 Mar. 1925 Industriforeningens nye Foredragssal, Copenhagen (performers: Thorvald Nielsen, violin; Erling Bloch, violin; Hans Kassow, viola; Johan Hye-Knudsen, cello).
10 Oct. 1925 Odd Fellow Palæet, Copenhagen (Thorvald Nielsen Strygekvartetten).
18 Nov. 1925 Saalbau Kirchholtes, Mülheim, Ruhr (Grevesmühl Quartett).
3 Dec. 1925 University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen (performers: Gunna Breuning-Storm, violin; Gerhard Rafn, violin; Ella Faber, viola; Paulus Bache, cello).
14 Jan. 1926 Industribygningens Festsal, Copenhagen (performers: Gunna Breuning-Storm, violin; Gerhard Rafn, violin; Axel Jørgensen, viola; Paulus Bache, cello).
18 Jan. 1926 Teatersalen, Fredericia (performers: Thorvald Nielsen, violin; Erling Bloch, violin; Hans Kassow, viola; Louis Jensen, cello).
1 Feb. 1926 Paladshotellet, Esbjerg (performers: Thorvald Nielsen, violin; Erling Bloch, violin; Hans Kassow, viola; Louis Jensen, cello).
16 Feb. 1926 Odd Fellow Palæet, Copenhagen (performers: Thorvald Nielsen, violin; Erling Bloch, violin; Hans Kassow, viola; Louis Jensen, cello).
18 Feb. 1926 Odd Fellow Palæet, Copenhagen (performers: Thorvald Nielsen, violin; Erling Bloch, violin; Hans Kassow, viola; Louis Jensen, cello).
14 May 1927 Konservatoriet, Stockholm (performers: Lince Berglund, violin; Nils Gustavsson, violin; Åke Karlsson, viola; Gustaf Jonsson, cello).
5 Sept. 1927 Radiostudiet, Købmagergade, Copenhagen (Breuning-Bache Kvartetten).
19 Oct. 1927 Börse, Prague (Thorvald Nielsen Strygekvartetten).
29 Nov. 1927 Odd Fellow Palæet, Copenhagen (Kolisch-Kvartetten; performers: Rudolph Kolisch, violin; Felix Khuner, violin; Eugen Lehner, viola; Benar Heifetz, cello).
10 Dec. 1927 Odd Fellow Palæet, Copenhagen (Wiener-Strygekvartten (Kolisch-Kvartetten)).
2 May 1928 Aarhus (performers: Harald Andersen, violin; Niels Jørgensen, violin; Thyge Haumüller, viola; Thomas Jensen, cello).
21 Jan. 1929 Frederiksberg Kammermusikforening, Copenhagen (Thorvald Nielsen Strygekvartetten; performers: Thorvald Nielsen, violin; Erling Bloch, violin; Hans Kassow, viola; Louis Jensen, cello).
6 May 1929 Vejle Musikforening, Vejle (Thorvald Nielsen Strygekvartetten).
20 Mar. 1930 Industribygningens Festsal, Copenhagen (performers: Thorvald Nielsen, violin; Erling Bloch, violin; Hans Kassow, viola; Louis Jensen, cello).
26 Jan. 1931 Hornung & Møllers Sal, Copenhagen (performers: Gunna Breuning-Storm, violin; Gerhard Rafn, violin; Axel Jørgensen, viola; Paulus Bache, cello).
3 Feb. 1931 Studentermusikforeningen, Copenhagen (performers: Julius Koppel/Ketty Faber/ Frans Faber?, violin; Frank Anton Svendsen, viola; Hans Hekscher, cello).
1 Oct. 1931 Industribygningens Festsal, Copenhagen (performers: Thorvald Nielsen, violin; Erling Bloch, violin; Hans Kassow, viola; Louis Jensen, Cello).

Letters:

17 May 1906   from Carl Nielsen to Knud Harder, privately owned. (CNBJohn Fellow (ed.): Carl Nielsen Brevudgaven. Multivers: Copenhagen 2005–2015. III/26)
17 May 1906   from Carl Nielsen to Knud Harder, privately owned. (CNBJohn Fellow (ed.): Carl Nielsen Brevudgaven. Multivers: Copenhagen 2005–2015. III/26)
4 July 1906   from Carl Nielsen to Bror Beckman, S-SkmaMusik- och teaterbiblioteket, Stockholm Bror Beckmans arkiv. (CNBJohn Fellow (ed.): Carl Nielsen Brevudgaven. Multivers: Copenhagen 2005–2015. III/49)
26 July 1906   from Carl Nielsen to Bodil Neergaard, DK-KkDet Kongelige Bibliotek, København Acc. 2002/11. (CNBJohn Fellow (ed.): Carl Nielsen Brevudgaven. Multivers: Copenhagen 2005–2015. III/55; CNL 217)
9 Aug. 1906   from Carl Nielsen to Henrik Knudsen, DK-KkDet Kongelige Bibliotek, København CNACarl Nielsen Arkivet (The Carl Nielsen Archive, Royal Danish Library, Copenhagen) IAc. (CNBJohn Fellow (ed.): Carl Nielsen Brevudgaven. Multivers: Copenhagen 2005–2015. III/63; M & MTorben Meyer & Irmelin Eggert Møller: Carl Nielsens Breve. Gyldendal: Copenhagen 1954. 77; CNL 218)
25 Nov. 1907   from Carl Nielsen to Robert Henriques, DK-KkDet Kongelige Bibliotek, København NKS 3783 4°. (CNBJohn Fellow (ed.): Carl Nielsen Brevudgaven. Multivers: Copenhagen 2005–2015. III/420)
26 Nov. 1907   from Carl Nielsen to Angul Hammerich, DK-KkDet Kongelige Bibliotek, København CNACarl Nielsen Arkivet (The Carl Nielsen Archive, Royal Danish Library, Copenhagen) IAc. (CNBJohn Fellow (ed.): Carl Nielsen Brevudgaven. Multivers: Copenhagen 2005–2015. III/423; CNL 231)
26 Nov. 1907   from Carl Nielsen to Ove Rode, DK-København, Rigsarkivet Ove Rodes privatarkiv. (CNBJohn Fellow (ed.): Carl Nielsen Brevudgaven. Multivers: Copenhagen 2005–2015. III/424)
30 Nov. 1907   from Hugo Seligmann to Carl Nielsen, DK-KkDet Kongelige Bibliotek, København CNACarl Nielsen Arkivet (The Carl Nielsen Archive, Royal Danish Library, Copenhagen) IAb. (CNBJohn Fellow (ed.): Carl Nielsen Brevudgaven. Multivers: Copenhagen 2005–2015. III/428)
1 Dec. 1907   from Poul Rosenhoff to Carl Nielsen, DK-KkDet Kongelige Bibliotek, København CNACarl Nielsen Arkivet (The Carl Nielsen Archive, Royal Danish Library, Copenhagen) IAb. (CNBJohn Fellow (ed.): Carl Nielsen Brevudgaven. Multivers: Copenhagen 2005–2015. III/429)
2 Dec. 1907   from Carl Nielsen to Knud Harder, privately owned. (CNBJohn Fellow (ed.): Carl Nielsen Brevudgaven. Multivers: Copenhagen 2005–2015. III/430; M & MTorben Meyer & Irmelin Eggert Møller: Carl Nielsens Breve. Gyldendal: Copenhagen 1954. 90)
2 Dec. 1907   from Hugo Seligmann to Carl Nielsen, DK-KkDet Kongelige Bibliotek, København CNACarl Nielsen Arkivet (The Carl Nielsen Archive, Royal Danish Library, Copenhagen) IAc. (CNBJohn Fellow (ed.): Carl Nielsen Brevudgaven. Multivers: Copenhagen 2005–2015. III/431)
16 July 1912   from Knud Harder to Carl Nielsen, DK-KkDet Kongelige Bibliotek, København CNACarl Nielsen Arkivet (The Carl Nielsen Archive, Royal Danish Library, Copenhagen) IAb. (CNBJohn Fellow (ed.): Carl Nielsen Brevudgaven. Multivers: Copenhagen 2005–2015. IV/398)
24 July 1920   from Carl Nielsen to Wilhelm Hansen, DK-København, Edition Wilhelm Hansen. (CNBJohn Fellow (ed.): Carl Nielsen Brevudgaven. Multivers: Copenhagen 2005–2015. VI/426)
17 Aug. 1920   from Carl Nielsen to Eggert Møller, DK-KkDet Kongelige Bibliotek, København CNACarl Nielsen Arkivet (The Carl Nielsen Archive, Royal Danish Library, Copenhagen) IAa8. (CNBJohn Fellow (ed.): Carl Nielsen Brevudgaven. Multivers: Copenhagen 2005–2015. VI/436)
1 Sept. 1920   from Carl Nielsen to Irmelin Eggert Møller, DK-KkDet Kongelige Bibliotek, København CNACarl Nielsen Arkivet (The Carl Nielsen Archive, Royal Danish Library, Copenhagen) IIIAa1. (CNBJohn Fellow (ed.): Carl Nielsen Brevudgaven. Multivers: Copenhagen 2005–2015. VI/447)
9 Oct. 1920   from Henri Hinrichsen to Wilhelm Hansen, DK-København, Edition Wilhelm Hansen. (CNBJohn Fellow (ed.): Carl Nielsen Brevudgaven. Multivers: Copenhagen 2005–2015. VI/463)
23 May 1922   from Carl Nielsen to Lisa Mannheimer, privately owned. (CNBJohn Fellow (ed.): Carl Nielsen Brevudgaven. Multivers: Copenhagen 2005–2015. VII/231; CNL 488)
23 Aug. 1922   from Carl Nielsen to Anne Marie Carl-Nielsen, DK-KkDet Kongelige Bibliotek, København CNACarl Nielsen Arkivet (The Carl Nielsen Archive, Royal Danish Library, Copenhagen) IIAa. (CNBJohn Fellow (ed.): Carl Nielsen Brevudgaven. Multivers: Copenhagen 2005–2015. VII/323; T SchTorben Schousboe: Carl Nielsen. Dagbøger og brevveksling med Anne Marie Carl-Nielsen. Gyldendal: Copenhagen 1983. 458; CNL 500)
5 May 1923   from Carl Nielsen to Henri Hinrichsen, D-LEstaSächsisches Staatsarchiv, Staatsarchiv Leipzig, Leipzig. (CNBJohn Fellow (ed.): Carl Nielsen Brevudgaven. Multivers: Copenhagen 2005–2015. VII/489)
25 June 1923   from Carl Nielsen to Henri Hinrichsen, D-LEstaSächsisches Staatsarchiv, Staatsarchiv Leipzig, Leipzig. (CNBJohn Fellow (ed.): Carl Nielsen Brevudgaven. Multivers: Copenhagen 2005–2015. VII/512)
19 Sept. 1923   from C.F. Peters Verlag to Carl Nielsen, D-LEstaSächsisches Staatsarchiv, Staatsarchiv Leipzig, Leipzig. (CNBJohn Fellow (ed.): Carl Nielsen Brevudgaven. Multivers: Copenhagen 2005–2015. VII/547)
24 Jan. 1924   from Carl Nielsen to Bror Beckman, S-SkmaMusik- och teaterbiblioteket, Stockholm Bror Beckmans arkiv. (CNBJohn Fellow (ed.): Carl Nielsen Brevudgaven. Multivers: Copenhagen 2005–2015. VIII/5; CNL 531)
30 July 1924   from Carl Nielsen to Carl Johan Michaelsen, DK-KkDet Kongelige Bibliotek, København Acc. 1995/55. (CNBJohn Fellow (ed.): Carl Nielsen Brevudgaven. Multivers: Copenhagen 2005–2015. VIII/111)
11 Feb. 1925   from Henri Hinrichsen to Carl Nielsen, D-LEstaSächsisches Staatsarchiv, Staatsarchiv Leipzig, Leipzig. (CNBJohn Fellow (ed.): Carl Nielsen Brevudgaven. Multivers: Copenhagen 2005–2015. VIII/237)
2 Oct. 1925   from Carl Nielsen to Niels Hjelme, privately owned. (CNBJohn Fellow (ed.): Carl Nielsen Brevudgaven. Multivers: Copenhagen 2005–2015. VIII/445)
13 Nov. 1925   from Carl Nielsen to Henri Hinrichsen, D-LEstaSächsisches Staatsarchiv, Staatsarchiv Leipzig, Leipzig. (CNBJohn Fellow (ed.): Carl Nielsen Brevudgaven. Multivers: Copenhagen 2005–2015. VIII/475)
30 Nov. 1927   from Carl Nielsen to Emil Telmányi, DK-KkDet Kongelige Bibliotek, København CNSCarl Nielsens Samling (The Carl Nielsen Collection, Royal Danish Library, Copenhagen). (CNBJohn Fellow (ed.): Carl Nielsen Brevudgaven. Multivers: Copenhagen 2005–2015. IX/780)
30 Nov. 1927   from Wilhelm Frederik Laub to Carl Nielsen, DK-KkDet Kongelige Bibliotek, København CNACarl Nielsen Arkivet (The Carl Nielsen Archive, Royal Danish Library, Copenhagen) IAb. (CNBJohn Fellow (ed.): Carl Nielsen Brevudgaven. Multivers: Copenhagen 2005–2015. IX/782)
1 Dec. 1927   from Carl Nielsen to Anne Marie Telmányi, DK-Odense, Carl Nielsen Museet. (CNBJohn Fellow (ed.): Carl Nielsen Brevudgaven. Multivers: Copenhagen 2005–2015. IX/786)
30 Jan. 1931   from Johan Ludwig Mowinckel to Carl Nielsen, DK-KkDet Kongelige Bibliotek, København CNACarl Nielsen Arkivet (The Carl Nielsen Archive, Royal Danish Library, Copenhagen) IAb. (CNBJohn Fellow (ed.): Carl Nielsen Brevudgaven. Multivers: Copenhagen 2005–2015. XI/459; CNL 720)
12 Aug. 1931   from Carl Nielsen to Hans Henny Jahnn, D-HsStaats- und Universitätsbibliothek Carl von Ossietzky, Musiksammlung, Hamburg NHHJ; Ni 161-167. (CNBJohn Fellow (ed.): Carl Nielsen Brevudgaven. Multivers: Copenhagen 2005–2015. XI/741; CNL 734)

Other other:

B-to (interviewer), Harald Giersing (interviewee), Carl Nielsen (interviewee), Aage Oxenvad (interviewer) and Johannes C. Bjerg (interviewee): 'Kunstudstilling med Musik'. Hver 8. Dag, 17 Jan. 1919. (SamtidJohn Fellow (ed.): Carl Nielsen til sin samtid. Det Kongelige Bibliotek/Gyldendal: Copenhagen 1999. 61)

Robert Layton: 'Nielsen and the String Quartet'. The Listener, 64/1637, Aug. 1960, p. 238.

Frede Schandorf Petersen: 'Nu maa der gøres noget!'. Dansk Musiktidsskrift, 22/9, 1947, pp. 198–99.

Povl Hamburger: 'Orkester- og kammermusikken', in: Jürgen Balzer (ed.): Carl Nielsen: i hundredåret for hans fødsel (Nyt Nordisk Forlag Arnold Busck: Copenhagen 1965), pp. 19–45.

Povl Hamburger: 'Orchestral Works and Chamber Music', in: Jürgen Balzer (ed.): Carl Nielsen: Centenary Essays (Nyt Nordisk Forlag Arnold Busck: Copenhagen 1965), pp. 19–46.

Lena Skov: Carl Nielsens tidlige kammermusik: Karakteristiske stiltræk i Carl Nielsens kammermusik for 4-5 strygeinstrumenter indtil ca. 1906. University of Copenhagen: 1974. Speciale.

Charles M. Joseph: 'Structural Pacing in the Nielsen Quartet', in: Mina Miller (ed.): The Carl Nielsen Companion (London 1994), pp. 460–88.

Friedhelm Krummacher: 'Steps to Modernism. Carl Nielsen's String Quartets'. Carl Nielsen Studies, 2, 2005, pp. 89–131.

Inger Sørensen: 'Musiklivet på Fuglsang'. Fund og Forskning i Det Kongelige Biblioteks Samlinger, 52, 2013, pp. 213–247.

Niels Krabbe: 'Two newly discovered sources for the String Quartet in F Major, Opus 44, and the Suite for Piano, Opus 45'. Carl Nielsen Studies, 5, 2012, pp. 382–84. Full text


Last changed 2022-12-02 by MerMEId