Carl Nielsen
Symfoni nr. 2, opus 16
De Fire Temperamenter
Symphony No. 2, Opus 16
The Four Temperaments
Opus 16
CNW 26
CNUCarl Nielsen Udgaven (The Carl Nielsen Edition. Royal Danish Library: Copenhagen 1998–2009)
II/2
CNSCarl Nielsens Samling (The Carl Nielsen Collection, Royal Danish Library, Copenhagen)
63
FSDan Fog & Torben Schousboe: Carl Nielsen kompositioner. En Bibliografi. København 1965.
29
Dedicatee: Ferruccio Busoni
Composition: 1901–02.
Nielsen started composing his second symphony while working on his first opera, Saul og David (CNW 1), in 1901. The earliest musical sources (printer's manuscript for the first movement) are from December that year. Progress was slow, and Nielsen did not finish his work until November 1902, just a week before the first performance.
Music
Sources
Sketches
Parts, manuscript copy
Score, draft
Score, partly autograph, printer's manuscript
Score, print
-
Carl Nielsen's copy
DK-KkDet Kongelige Bibliotek, København CNSCarl Nielsens Samling (The Carl Nielsen Collection, Royal Danish Library, Copenhagen) 63f.CNU Source A.
Score, print
-
Ebbe Hamerik's copy
DK-KkDet Kongelige Bibliotek, København CNSCarl Nielsens Samling (The Carl Nielsen Collection, Royal Danish Library, Copenhagen) 63g.CNU Source G.
Pocket score, print (reprint)
Instrumental parts, print
-
Carl Nielsen's copy
DK-KkDet Kongelige Bibliotek, København CNSCarl Nielsens Samling (The Carl Nielsen Collection, Royal Danish Library, Copenhagen) C II, 10.CNU Source C.
Performances
1 Dec. 1902 | Odd Fellow Palæet, Copenhagen (conductor: Carl Nielsen). Danish Concert Society (Dansk Koncertforening). First performance. Reviews: Berlingske Tidende Aften, 2 Dec. 1902. Dagbladet, 2 Dec. 1902. Dagens Nyheder, 2 Dec. 1902. Dannebrog, 2 Dec. 1902 (Leopold Rosenfeld). København, 2 Dec. 1902. Nationaltidende, 2 Dec. 1902. Politiken, 2 Dec. 1902. Social-Demokraten, 2 Dec. 1902. Vort Land, 2 Dec. 1902. Aftenbladet, 3 Dec. 1902. Illustreret Tidende, 11 Jan. 1903. |
5 Nov. 1903 | Berlin (Berlin Philharmonic Orchestra; conductor: Carl Nielsen). Review: Signale für die musikalische Welt, 62/49, p. 912 (Karl Thiessen). |
11 Nov. 1905 | Odd Fellow Palæet, Copenhagen (conductor: Carl Nielsen). Carl Nielsen. |
5 Dec. 1908 | Logens Store Sal, Oslo (conductor: Carl Nielsen). Musikforeningen. Concert with music by danish composers. |
13 Dec. 1910 | Stads-Gehoorzaal, Leiden (conductor: F. E. A. Koeberg). |
14 Oct. 1911 | Haandværkerforeningen, Aarhus (Blüthner-orkestret; conductor: Carl Nielsen). |
16 Oct. 1911 | Odd Fellow Palæet, Copenhagen (Blüthner-orkestret; conductor: Carl Nielsen). |
29 Nov. 1917 | Odd Fellow Palæet, Copenhagen (Musikforeningens Orkester; conductor: Carl Nielsen). Carl Nielsen. Kompositionsaften. |
18 Feb. 1920 | Konserthuset på Heden, Gothenburg (Göteborg Symfoniorkester; conductor: Carl Nielsen). |
31 July 1920 | Tivoli Concert Hall (Tivolis Koncertsal), Copenhagen (Tivoli Symphony Orchestra (Tivolis Symfoniorkester); conductor: Frederik Schnedler-Petersen). |
14 Nov. 1920 | Odd Fellow Palæet, Copenhagen (conductor: Frederik Schnedler-Petersen). |
23 Apr. 1921 | Beethoven-Saal, Berlin (Berliner Philharmonisches Orchester; conductor: Charles Lautrup). |
13 Sept. 1921 | Queen's Hall, London (conductor: Henry Wood). |
13 Nov. 1921 | Auditorium, Stockholm (Konsertföreningens Orkester; conductor: Frederik Schnedler-Petersen). |
9 Dec. 1922 | Beethoven-Saal, Berlin (Philharmonisches Orchester; conductor: Carl Nielsen). |
25 Feb. 1923 | Odd Fellow Palæet, Copenhagen (Københavns Filharmoniske Orkester; conductor: Carl Nielsen). |
4 Mar. 1923 | Konserthuset på Heden, Gothenburg (Göteborg Symfoniorkester; conductor: Ture Rangström). |
4 Apr. 1923 | Konserthuset på Heden, Gothenburg (Göteborg Symfoniorkester; conductor: Ture Rangström). |
3 Nov. 1923 | Aarhus Teater, Aarhus (Aarhus Philharmoniske Selskab; conductor: Emil Robert-Hansen). |
3 Feb. 1926 | Aarhus Teater, Aarhus (Københavns Filharmoniske Orkester; conductor: Carl Nielsen). |
4 Feb. 1926 | Silkeborg (Københavns Filharmoniske Orkester; conductor: Carl Nielsen). |
5 Feb. 1926 | Fyns Forsamlingshus, Odense (Københavns Filharmoniske Orkester; conductor: Carl Nielsen). |
12 June 1926 | Tivoli Concert Hall (Tivolis Koncertsal), Copenhagen (Tivoli Symphony Orchestra (Tivolis Symfoniorkester); conductor: Frederik Schnedler-Petersen). |
24 Apr. 1927 | Paris (Pasdeloup Orchestra; conductor: Frederik Schnedler-Petersen). |
7 Mar. 1928 | Odd Fellow Palæet, Copenhagen (Euphrosyne; conductor: Gunna Breuning-Storm). |
14 Nov. 1928 | Radiostudie(?), Langenberg (Radioorkester). |
3 Mar. 1929 | Odd Fellow Palæet, Copenhagen (conductor: Frederik Schnedler-Petersen). |
14 Nov. 1929 | Axelborg, Copenhagen (The Danish Radio Symphony Orchestra (Radiosymfoniorkestret); conductor: Emil Reesen). |
9 Aug. 1930 | Tivoli Concert Hall (Tivolis Koncertsal), Copenhagen (Tivoli Symphony Orchestra (Tivolis Symfoniorkester); conductor: Frederik Schnedler-Petersen). |
15 Oct. 1930 | Tokyo (Tokyo New Symphony Orchestra; conductor: Charles Lautrup). |
7 Dec. 1930 | Odd Fellow Palæet, Copenhagen (conductor: Frederik Schnedler-Petersen). |
17 Mar. 1931 | Odd Fellow Palæet, Copenhagen (conductor: Ebbe Hamerik). |
Documents
Letters:
Diary entries:
Other other:
Carl Nielsen (interviewee): 'Carl Nielsen'. Verdens Gang, 5 Dec. 1908. (SamtidJohn Fellow (ed.): Carl Nielsen til sin samtid. Det Kongelige Bibliotek/Gyldendal: Copenhagen 1999. 24)
Ax. K. [Axel Kjerulf] (interviewer) and Carl Nielsen (interviewee): 'Carl-Nielsens Symfoni-Koncert'. Politiken, 27 Nov. 1917. (SamtidJohn Fellow (ed.): Carl Nielsen til sin samtid. Det Kongelige Bibliotek/Gyldendal: Copenhagen 1999. 56)
G-bas [Axel Kjerulf] (interviewer) and Carl Nielsen (interviewee): 'Carl Nielsens nye Symfoni'. Politiken, 24 Jan. 1922. (SamtidJohn Fellow (ed.): Carl Nielsen til sin samtid. Det Kongelige Bibliotek/Gyldendal: Copenhagen 1999. 69)
Sv. Th. [Svend Thorsen] (interviewer) and Carl Nielsen (interviewee): 'Carl Nielsen om sin folkelige Symfoni'. Fyns Tidende, 31 Oct. 1928. (SamtidJohn Fellow (ed.): Carl Nielsen til sin samtid. Det Kongelige Bibliotek/Gyldendal: Copenhagen 1999. 154)
Programme for the 'Københavns filharmoniske Orkesters Symfoni-Koncert' at Foreningen 'Danevirke' in Odense . 5 Feb. 1926. (SamtidJohn Fellow (ed.): Carl Nielsen til sin samtid. Det Kongelige Bibliotek/Gyldendal: Copenhagen 1999. 116)
Programme for Konsertföreningen's concert in Stockholm . 7 Oct. 1931. (SamtidJohn Fellow (ed.): Carl Nielsen til sin samtid. Det Kongelige Bibliotek/Gyldendal: Copenhagen 1999. 200)
Bibliography
Rudolph Bergh: 'Fra opera og koncertsal'. Tilskueren, 20, 1903, pp. 175–81.
Hugo Seligmann: 'Carl Nielsen'. Samtiden, 30/7,8, 1919, pp. 454–68.
Rudolph Simonsen: Der dänische Tondichter Carl Nielsen. Copenhagen 1924.
Svend Godske-Nielsen: 'Nogle erindringer om Carl Nielsen'. Tilskueren, 52/6, June 1935, pp. 414–30.
Torben Meyer and Frede Schandorf Petersen: Carl Nielsen. Kunstneren og Mennesket. Nyt Nordisk Forlag Arnold Busck: Copenhagen 1947-48: vol.1, pp. 186–99.
Ludvig Dolleris: Carl Nielsen. En Musikografi. Fyns Boghandels Forlag: Odense 1949, pp. 78–83.
Robert Simpson: 'Carl Nielsen – Some Recorded Works'. Disc, 3, Summer 1949, pp. 99–106.
Robert Simpson: Carl Nielsen. Symphonist. 1865–1931. London 1952, pp. 25–44.
Robert Simpson: 'Carl Nielsens symfonier: en englænders indtryk'. Dansk Musiktidsskrift, 27/3, 1952, pp. 90–93.
Desmond Shawe-Taylor: 'A Carl Nielsen Festival – I'. The New Statesman and Nation, 46/1175, Sep. 1953, pp. 285–86.
Edward Shawe: 'Carl Nielsen'. The Canon, 10/1, Aug. 1956, pp. 17–21.
Nils Schiørring: Musikkens veje. Berlingske Forlag: Copenhagen 1959, pp. 104–42.
Robert Layton: 'Carl Nielsen and the Stage'. The Listener, 61/1571, May 1959, p. 818.
Povl Hamburger: 'Orkester- og kammermusikken', in: Jürgen Balzer (ed.): Carl Nielsen: i hundredåret for hans fødsel (Copenhagen 1965), pp. 28–31.
Hugh Ottaway: 'Nielsen and Sibelius'. The Listener, 73/1874, Feb. 1965, p. 313.
Dean Clarke Wilson: An Analytical and Statistical Study of the Harmony in Carl Nielsen's Six Symphonies. Michigan State University: 1967. Ph.D. dissertation.
Edward D.R. Neill: 'Moti e atteggiamenti umani nella musica di Carl Nielsen'. Rassegna musicale curci, 21, 1968, pp. 154–60.
Jens Nielsen: Carl Nielsens tre første symfonier: En redegørelse for tonalitet og tematik i Carl Nielsens tre første symfonier. University of Copenhagen: 1968. Diss.
Torben Schousboe: Udviklingstendenser inden for Carl Nielsens symfoniske orkesterværker indtil ca. 1910. University of Copenhagen: 1968. Magisterafhandling.
Torben Schousboe: 'Markant Carl Nielsen album'. Dansk Musiktidsskrift, 51/1, Sep. 1976, pp. 32–35.
Nils Schiørring: Musikkens historie i Danmark. Politikens Forlag: Copenhagen 1978: vol.3, pp. 121–63.
Robert Simpson (ed.): Carl Nielsen. Symphonist. New York 1979, pp. 38–55.
Earl Doherty: 'The Wartime Symphonies of Carl Nielsen'. Fugue, 4/8, Apr. 1980, pp. 27–35.
R.D.: 'Nielsen: The Symphonies-Complete'. Fanfare, 7, 1984, pp. 249–53.
Jørgen I. Jensen: Carl Nielsen. Danskeren. Gyldendal: Copenhagen 1991, pp. 45-46, 167–69.
Tove Skovbo Hansen: Sonateformens skæbne i Carl Nielsens symfonier med særligt henblik på 1.-4. symfoni. Århus Universitet: 1994. Speciale.
Harald Krebs: 'Tonal Structure in Nielsen's Symphonies: Some Addenda to Robert Simpson's Analysis', in: Mina Miller (ed.): The Carl Nielsen Companion (London 1994), pp. 208–49.
Steen Chr. Steensen: Musik er liv. En biografi om Carl Nielsen. Fisker og Schou: Frederiksberg 1999, pp. 125–29.
Katharine Leiska: Skandinavische Musik in Deutschland um 1900. Symphonien von Christian Sinding, Victor Bendix und Carl Nielsen zwischen Gattungstradition und Nord-Imagines. Peter Lang: Frankfurt/M 2012.
Regitze Ida Tetzlaff: 'The Nielsen Project. North American Reception of Carl Nielsen’s Symphonies'. Danish Yearbook of Musicology, 41, 2017, pp. 101–17. Full text
Last changed 2022-12-02 by MerMEId